This is the idea behind douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y. Download the relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Mcgregor theory x and y pdf the xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are adaptations of mcgregors ideas for modern organizations, management and. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. This lesson goes over these additional learning goals. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a pdf reader.
The work of douglas mcgregor, 2 application of the theory the thoroughly dramatic plot by members of hitlers staff to exterminate their leader is painstakingly spelled out in this film. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Mcgregors theory x and theory y in this theory that states that douglas mcgregor wrote a book entitled the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. Leaders know best, and should closely direct actions taken by staff, with little room for independence and responsibility. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. These managers assume that people dont enjoy work in fact, they would surely avoid doing it.
Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. It is based on the assumption that selfdirection, selfcontrol, and maturity control motivation. Organizational communication channel 118,677 views. Instead, maslow advocated an improved version of theory y which involved an element of structured security and direction taken from theory x. Douglas mcgregor proposed two different motivational theories. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Mcgregors theory x, y and ouchis z motivation self. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y biography of douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born on 1906 in detroit, america. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of.
Mcgregor s x y theory is a natural rule for managing people. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. If we relate this theory to maslows hierarchy of needs, we see that theory x relates to lower order needs dominating peoples motivation and theory y is dominated by the higher order needs. Mcgregors theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten.
My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, thomas mcgregor started his business and given its name as, mcgregor institute. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. You are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on behavior of individuals at work, and he has formulated two models which he calls theory x and theory y. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management.
The present research investigates whether xy attitudes and xy behaviorsexamined as two distinct constructsare. Managers tend to believe one or the other and treat their employees accordingly. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. From this experience the greater formulated two sets of assumptions about human nature theory x, which is a pessimistic view of employees and theory y which is a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work. They can be signed electronically, and you can easily view pdf files on windows or mac os using the free acrobat reader dc software. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. Read online the relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Mcgregor suggests that theory y is the best approach to motivate and influence employees in an organisation. The average man is by nature, lazy he works as little as possible. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives.
To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Pdf on nov 1, 2017, mohammad saiful islam and others published application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Mcgregor s ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. These theories describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation in human resource. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Hereafter, we refer to mcgregors theorizing as theory xy. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization goals are congruent with the main planks in. Theory x managers believe that their employees come to work just to earn a living, and that they dont want to take on new responsibilities. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. Mcclelland s need for achievement underlies maslow s selfactualization. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory x type organizations seemed to believe.
Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Theory x states that employees dislike and try to avoid work, so they must be coerced into doing it.
Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Mcgregors famous distinction between theory x and theory y. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Yet the effect of xy attitudes on job performance has never been empirically demonstrated. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work.
Mcgregor maintained that there two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many years ago a professor named mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Mcgregors theory x and theory y mcgregors theory x and. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavio. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Theory x and theory y mcgregors theory x and theory y. Mcgregor s theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y essay 847 words 4 pages.
Mcgregor s theory y matches much of maslow s selfactualization level of motivation. Managements action of motivating human beings in the organization, according to mcgregor, involves certain assumptions, generalizations and hypothesis relating to human behavior and human nature. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Mcclellands need for achievement underlies maslows selfactualization. Mcgregors theory y matches much of maslows selfactualization level of motivation. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Theory x belief that people are lazy, thus they must be micromanaged, watched, andor threatened to get to perform theory y views people as selfmotivated and want to achieve, thus they can direct own efforts with managements role to develop their potential mcgregors x and y theory. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals.